250 Essential Japanese Kanji Characters Volume 1 Read online

Page 4


  日曜日 にちようび nichi yōbi Sunday

  月曜日 げつようび getsu yōbi Monday

  ________

  何曜日 なんようび nan yōbi what day of the week

  27 火

  hi, (bi), ka

  ひ、(び) 、カ

  fire, flame

  火 derives from a pictograph of a flame. When used as the lower part of other kanji, 火 is sometimes written .

  火 ひ hi fire, flame

  火曜日 かようび ka yōbi Tuesday

  ________

  花火 はなび hanabi fireworks

  火事 かじ kaji fire (destructive burning)

  28 水

  mizu, sui

  みず、スイ

  water

  水, modified from 川 river, means water. As a radical, 水 is often written

  水 みず mizu water

  水曜日 すい ようび sui yōbi Wednesday

  ________

  おち やのみず Ochanomizu Ochanomizu (place)

  れい すい reisui ice water, cold water

  水分 すい ぶん suibun moisture

  29 木

  ki, (gi), boku, moku

  き、(ぎ) 、ボク、モク

  tree, wood

  木 derives from a pictograph of a tree.

  木 き ki tree, wood

  木曜日 もくようび moku yōbi Thursday

  ________

  六本木 ろっぽんぎ Roppongi Roppongi (place)

  土木 どぼく doboku abbreviation for 土木工事 (public works) and (civil engineering)

  もくぞう mokuzō wooden, made of wood

  30 金

  kane, kin

  かね、キン

  gold, metal, money

  金, which depicts two nuggets in the earth 土 (cf. 31) piled up in a mound indicates precious ore such as gold. Associated meanings are metal and money.

  金 かね kane money/metal

  金 きん kin gold

  金曜曰 きんようび kin yōbi Friday

  ________

  金メダル きんメダル kin medaru gold medal

  げんきん genkin cash

  れいきん reikin gift money to landlord

  31 土

  tsuchi, do, to

  つち、ド、 ト

  soil, earth; ground

  土 represents a plant growing out of the earth, suggesting soil or ground.

  土 つち tsuchi soil, earth

  土曜日 どようび do yōbi Saturday

  ________

  土地 どち tochi (piece of) land

  32 平

  tai-ra, hei

  たい・ら、ヘイ

  flat, level

  平 represents a waterweed floating flat on the water.

  平曰 へいじつ heiiitsu ordinary day, weekday

  ________

  平らな たいらな taira na flat

  水平な すいへいな suihei na horizontal, level

  へいきんする heikin suru to average

  33 成

  na-ru, sei

  な・る、セイ

  achieve; become, form

  成, which combines 戈 arms or weapon and 力 power or force (cf. 67 男), means achieve. Associated meanings are form and become.

  平成 へいせい Heisei Heisei (era)

  ________

  成田 なりた Narita Narita (place, airport)

  せいせきひよう seiseki hyō school report card

  成人の日 せいじんのひ Seijin no hi Coming of Age Day

  せいこうする seikō suru to succeed, to be successful

  34 年

  toshi, nen

  とし、ネン

  year; age

  年 depicts a man working in a rice paddy (cf. 102 人) and grain. This suggests the period between harvests, which is usually a year.

  年 どし toshi year; age

  三年 さんねん san nen three years, the third year

  ________

  こどし kotoshi this year

  きょねん kyonen last year

  ねんど nendo fiscal/academic year

  年金 ねんきん nenkin pension

  ぼうねんかい bōnenkai year-end party

  35 祝

  iwa-u, shuku

  いわ・う、シュク

  celebrate, congratulate

  祝 combines and 兄. The radical derives from 示 altar, and 兄 represents a kneeling priest. Thus 祝 means celebration. 兄 by itself means elder brother.

  祝う いわつ iwau to celebrate, to congratulate

  (お)祝い (お)いわい (o)iwai congratulation, celebratory gift

  祝日 しゅくじつ shukujitsu national holiday, festival day

  ________

  内祝(い) うちいわい uchi iwai family celebration

  祝電 しゅくでん shukuden congratulatory telegram

  36 祭

  matsu-ri, sai

  まつ・り、サイ

  festival

  祭 derives from a pictograph of a hand (cf. 85 手) holding sacrificial meat 月 (cf. 226 肉) on an altar 示 (cf. 35 祝). Thus 祭 suggests an occasion when offerings are made to the gods; i.e., a festival.

  祭(り) まつり matsuri festival

  祭日 さいじつ saijitu festival day, national holiday

  祝祭日 しゆくさいじつ shuku saijitsu national holiday, festival day

  ______

  大学祭 だいがくさい daigakusai university/college festival

  festival

  4 Practice

  I. Write the readings of the following kanji in hiragana.

  1. 平成五年

  2. 祝日

  3. 祭日

  4. 日曜日

  5. 月曜日

  6. 火 曜 日

  7. 水曜日

  8. 木曜日

  9. 金曜日

  10. 土曜日

  11. 休日

  12. 平日

  13. 祝う

  14. 祭り

  15. 火は あかいです。

  16. この 水は おいしいですね。

  17. 五月は 木が きれいです。

  18. お金は かばんの なかに あります。

  19. 1 9 6 4 年は、とうきょう オリンピックの 年でした。

  II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate kanji.

  5 Advanced Placement Exam Practice Question

  Read the passage below and answer the questions.

  には祝日が十五日あります。いちばん祝日がおおい月は五月で三日、四日、五日の三日間あり ます。祝日がない月は六月と八月です。

  平成十九年に、四月と五月の祝日のなまえがかわりました。四月二十九日の「みどりの日」は日」に、五月四日の「こくみんの休日」は「みどりの日」になりました。

  祝日が日曜日のときは、つぎの平日が休みです。これを「ふりかえ休日」といいます。

  たとえば、二千七年(平成十九年)は四月二十九日が日曜日なので、三十日の月曜日がふりかえ休 日になります。五月一日の火曜日と二日の水曜日を休みにすると、四月三十日から五月三日まで、な がい休みになります。つづけて休むあります。

  このながい休みを、ゴールデンウィークといいます。たくさんがたのしみにしています。

  1. What day of the week is May 1, 2007?

  A. Monday

  B. Tuesday

  C. Wednesday

  D. Thursday

  2. During what months are there no public holidays in Japan?

  A. June and August

  B. July and September

  C. August and October

  D. November and January

  3. What day is May 4, 2007?

  A. Showa-no-hi

  B. Midori-no-hi

  C. Kokumin-n
o-kyūjitsu

  D. Furikae-kyūjitsu

  4. What day is April 30, 2007?

  A. Showa-no-hi

  B. Midori-no-hi

  C. Kokumin-no-kyūjitsu

  D. Furikae-kyūjitsu

  5. Which of the following statements about Golden Week (ゴールデンウィーク) is not true?

  A. Many Japanese are looking forward to these consecutive holidays.

  B. All days from April 29 to May 5 are holidays.

  C. Some companies close for the whole week during Golden Week.

  D. Midori-no-hi has changed to Showa-no-hi.

  LESSON 4

  It’s Nice to Meet You

  はじめまして、

  どうぞ よろしく

  The academic year in Japan begins in April. An entrance ceremony is held for incoming university freshmen, and the president and deans give welcoming addresses. When classes begin, new students are often asked to introduce themselves. This lesson will help you introduce yourself in Japanese.

  The photo on the right shows a street address sign. These signs are often attached to buildings or utility poles, and are helpful if you are looking for a particular place.

  1 Introductory Quiz

  Look at the illustration below and refer to the words in Vocabulary. Then try the following quiz.

  The Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Tokyo is now called Shakaikibangaku, in Japanese.

  Mr. Lee, a student from Malaysia, is planning to study civil engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Tokyo; he will study Japanese, too. The entrance ceremony will be held tomorrow. Read the following sentences and choose the correct answers.

  1. わたしは リーです。 (a. とうきょう b. きょうと) 大学の がくせいです。

  2. (a. こうがくぶ b. ぶんがくぶ) の (a. とし b. どぼく) 工学科で べんきょう します。

  3. わたしの せんこうは (a. 日本語 b. 土木工学) です。

  4. (a. 学生 b. 先生) のなまえは 三木せんせいです。

  5. 大学の にゅうがくしきは (a. 四月 b. 八月) です。

  6. 東京大学は (a. b. 文京区) 、本郷 (a. 七丁目 b. 七十日) に あります。

  2 Vocabulary

  Study the readings and meanings of these words to help you understand the Introductory Quiz.

  1. 東京大学 どうきょうだいがく Tōkyō daigaku University of Tokyo

  2. 京都大学 きょうどだいがく Kyōto daigaku Kyoto University

  3. 学生 がくせい gakusei student

  4. 留学生 りゆうがくせい ryūgakusei foreign student

  5. 工学部 こうがくぶ Kōgaku bu Faculty of Engineering

  6. 文学部 ぶ、ん力くくぶ、 Bungaku bu Faculty of Literature

  7. 都市工学科 どしこうがっか Toshi kōgakka Department of Urban Engineering

  8. どぼくこうがっか Doboku kōgakka Department of Civil Engineering

  9. 専攻 せんこう senkō major field of study

  10. にほんご Nihongo Japanese language

  11. 先生 せん せい sensei professor, teacher

  12. みき Miki Miki (name)

  13. 入学式 にゆうがくしき nyūgaku shiki entrance ceremony

  14. さきょぅく Sakyō ku Sakyo Ward

  15. 文京区 ぶんきょうく Bunkyō ku Bunkyo Ward

  16. ほん ごう Hongō Hongo (place)

  17. ななちようめ nana chōme the 7th block (in an address)

  3 New Characters

  Twenty-two characters are introduced in this lesson. Use the explanations to help you understand and remember the characters. Study the compound words to increase your vocabulary.

  大 学 東 京 留 生 工 部 科 専 攻 先 本 語 都 市 入 式 文 区 丁 目

  37 大

  ō-kii, dai, tai

  おお・きい、ダイ、タイ

  big, large, great

  大 depicts a man with arms and legs spread wide, suggesting big and large.

  大きい おおきい ōkii big, large, great, tall

  ________

  おおさか Ōsaka Osaka

  大都市 だいどし aaitoshi big city

  だいぶつ aaibutsu great statue of Buddha

  大会 たいかい taikai large meeting, convention tournament

  38 学

  mana-bu, gaku, (ga’)

  まな・ぶ、ガク、(ガッ)

  study, learn; school

  学, simplified from 學, combines 子 child (cf. 116) and, which represents a building with lights on in the kanji 営 (cf. 93). Thus 学 indicates a building where children are, namely, a school. An associated meaning is study.

  大学 だいがく daigaku university, college

  学年 がくねん gakunen school/academic year; grade at school

  ________

  学ぶ まなぶ、 manabu to study, to learn

  がっこう gakkō school

  39 東

  higashi, tō

  ひがし、トウ

  east

  東, which combines 木 tree and 日 sun, depicts the sun rising from behind a tree in the east.

  東 ひがし higashi east

  東大 どうだい Tōdai abbreviation for 東京大学 (University of Tokyo)

  ________

  JR 柬曰本 JR ひがしにほん JRHigashinihon East Japan Railway Company

  かんどう Kantō Kanto (district)

  40 京

  kyō

  キョウ

  capital

  京 represents a big building on a hill, a sight often seen in a capital city. It also represents stone lanterns that guarded ancient Chinese capitals.

  東京 どうきょう Tōkyō Tokyo

  ________

  左京区 さきょうく Sakyō ku Sakyo Ward (in Kyoto)

  41 留

  to-meru, ryū

  と・める、リュウ

  stay, keep; fasten

  was originally written, depicting closed doors. 田 means rice paddy (cf. 88), which can be thought of as limited space. Closed doors combined with limited space suggest staying or keeping something in a certain place.

  留学する りゅうがくする ryūgaku suru to study abroad

  ________

  書留 かきどめ kakitome registered mail

  国費留学 こくひ kokuhi study abroad on

  りゅうがく ryūgaku a government scholarship

  しひりゆうがく shihi ryūgaku study abroad at one's own expense

  42 生

  i-kiru, u-mareru, sei, (jō)

  い・きる、う・まれる、セイ、(ジョウ)

  live, be born, life

  生 depicts a flower in its prime, ready to give birth to a new life. Thus 生 means life, living, being born, or giving birth.

  生まれる うまれる umareru to be born

  学生 がくせい gakusei student

  留学生 りゆうがくせい ryūgaku sei foreign student

  生年月日 せいねんがっぴ seinen gappi date of birth

  ________

  生きる いきる ikiru to live

  大学生 だいがくせい daigakusei university/college student

  がくせいか gakusei ka Student Affairs Section

  一年生 いちねんせい ichinensei first-year student, freshman

  たんじょうび tanjōbi birthday

  43 工

  kō

  コウ

  craft, industry

  工, representing a carpenter’s ruler, means craft or industry. As part of other kanji, it often means straight.

  工学 こうがく kōgaku engineering

  土木工学 どぼくこうがく doboku kōgaku civil engineering

  ________

  工場 こうじょう kōjō factory

  工業 こうぎよう kōgyō (manufacturing) industry

  人工 じんこ
う jinkō artificial

  44 部

  bu

  ブ

  part, section

  部 combines, which derives from 剖 and means cutting something into parts, and, indicating village (cf. 51 都, 151 郵). Thus 部 formerly meant part of a village, and now has come to mean part or section in general.

  工学部 こうがくぶ Kōgaku bu Faculty of Engineering

  部分 ぶぶん bubun part, portion

  ________

  全部 ぜんぶ zembu all, whole

  テニス部 テニスぶ tenis bu tennis club

  部屋 *へや heya room

  45 科

  ka

  カ

  department, course; academic subject

  科 combines the radical 禾 grain and 斗, which derives from the shape of a dipper used to measure volume in ancient China. Formerly meaning measuring and sorting out, 科 now means subject of study or department.

  学科 がっか gakka university/college department

  土木工学科 どぼく こうがっか Doboku kōgakka Department of Civil Engineering

  科学 かがく kagaku science

  ______

  46 専

  sen

  セン

  specialize; exclusive

  専 combines, depicting a tool used to weave one rope from many strands, and 寸 work (cf. 23 時). Thus 専 means working in one specific area or specializing.

  専門 せんもん semmon major field of study, specialty

  ________

  せんもん がっこう semmon gakkō vocational/professional school