250 Essential Japanese Kanji Characters Volume 1 Read online

Page 11


  暗記する あんき する anki suru to learn by heart, to memorize

  ________

  記事 きじ kiji news story, article

  きねんび kinen bi memorial day, anniversary

  しんぶん きしゃ shimbun kisha newspaper reporter

  146 帳

  chō

  チョウ

  notebook

  帳 combines 巾 hanging cloth, and 長 long, which originally depicted an old man with long hair leaning on a cane. A long cloth was used as a notebook in ancient times.

  記帳する きちようする kichō suru to make an entry in a bankbook; to sign a visitors register

  通帳 つうちょう tsūchō bankbook

  手帳 てちょう techō small notebook, datebook

  電話帳 でんわちよう denwa chō telephone directory

  ______

  147 取

  to-ru, (do-ri)

  と・る、(ど・り)

  take, get, acquire

  取 combines 耳 ear and 又 hand. Ancient warriors used to take the ears off their conquered enemies. Now 取 means take or get in general.

  取る どる toru to take, to get

  取(り)引(き) する どりひき する torihiki suru to trade, to make a deal

  取 (り) 出す どりだす tori dasu to take out, to pick out

  間取(り) まどり madori room arrangement of a house, floor plan

  ______

  取(り)消(し) どりけし tori keshi cancellation

  148 扱

  atsuka-u

  あつか・う

  treat, deal with, handle

  扱 combines hand (cf. 85 手) and 及 another hand reaching out for a man. Only when hands reach something, can one treat or handle it.

  扱う あつかう atsukau to treat, to handle, to deal with

  取(り)极(い) 中 どりあつかい ちゅう tori atsukai chu under handling; Available for Use

  扱い方 あつかいかた atsukaikata how to handle/treat/use, way of handling

  ______

  149 止

  to-maru, (do-mari), to-meru, (do-me), shi 止

  と・まる、(ど・まり) 、と・める、(ど・め) 、シ

  stop

  止 derives from a pictograph of a foot that has stopped walking. Other kanji including 止 are often related to walking (e.g. 142 正, 164 歩).

  止(ま)る どまる tomaru to stop (vi.)

  行(き)止(ま)り いきどまり ikidomari Dead End

  止める どめる tomeru to stop (vt.)

  通行止 (め) つうこう どめ tsūkō dome Closed to Traffic

  休止する きゆうし する kvūshi suru to discontinue, to halt

  ________

  止まれ どまれ tomare Stop

  中止する ちゆうし する chūshi suru to stop (vt.), to cancel

  4 Practice

  I. Write the readings of the following kanji in hiragana.

  1. 銀 行

  2. 休 止

  3. 高 い

  4. 十 号 車

  5. 引 き 出 し

  6. 入 金

  7. 預 金

  8. 確 認

  9. 預 け る

  10. 暗 証 番 号

  11. 訂 正

  12. 記 号

  13. 通 帳

  14. 学 生 証

  15. お 取 扱 中

  16. 取 る

  17. 暗 い

  18. 引 く

  19. 電 話 帳

  20. 通 行 止 め

  21. 円 高

  22. 正 月

  23. 残 高

  24. 扱 い 方

  25. ベ ル を 押 し て く だ さ い 。

  26. 正 し い ほ う に 、 ○ を つ け な さ い 。

  27. い つ も 、 日 記 を 書 い て い ま す 。

  28. 通 帳 に 、 記 入 し て く だ さ い 。

  29. い く ら お 金 が 残 っ て い る か 、 確 か め て み ま す 。

  30. 手 を あ げ て 、 タ ク シ ー を 止 め ま す 。

  II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate kanji.

  5 Advanced Placement Exam Practice Question

  Maria is a student from abroad. She tried to use an ATM for the first time at her new bank in Japan but she had some trouble. Now she is asking the bank clerk, Mr. Tanaka, how to use the ATM. Read their dialogue, then answer the questions.

  マリア: 一万円、お金を出したいんですが。

  田中: はじめに「お引き出し」のボタンを押します。それからカードを入れて、暗証番号を押し ます。

  マリア: あ、暗証番号をまちがえちゃった!どうしよう!

  田中: だいじょうぶですよ。「訂正」のボタンを押して、もう一回暗証番号を押してください。 つぎに1.万.円のボタンを押して、正しければ「確認」のボタンを押してください。

  マリア: あ、お金が出てきた。いま、お金がいくら残っているかもみたいんですが。

  田中: この「残高照会」のボタンを押せばみるこどができますよ。

  マリア: お金を預けるどきはどうしたらいいですか。

  田中: 「お預け入れ」のボタンを押して、通帳どお金を入れれば預けられます。通帳記入もいっし ょにできますよ。

  マリア: 通帳をわすれても、預けられますか。

  田中: はい、預けられます。

  マリア: こんどは、預けにきます。ありがどう。

  1. Which is the first button to be pushed?

  A. 残高照会

  B. お引き出し

  C. お預け入れ

  D. 暗証番号

  2. If you make a mistake when entering the Personal Identification Number, which button should you push?

  A. だいじょうぶ

  B. 訂正

  C. 確認

  D. 暗証番号

  3. Which of the buttons is to be pushed to check the balances?

  A. 残高照会

  B. 通帳記入

  C. お引き出し

  D. お預け入れ

  4. What does Maria want to do, when she comes next time?

  A. Withdraw money alone

  B. Check her balances

  C. Deposit money

  D. Enter her Personal Identification Number without making a mistake

  5. Choose the correct answer.

  A. Maria drew out 1000 yen.

  B. You cannot deposit money if you forget a bankbook.

  C. Depositing and making an entry in a bankbook cannot be performed simultaneously.

  D. When drawing out money, the second button to be pushed is a Personal Identification Number.

  LESSON 12

  At the Post Office

  郵便局

  Buildings marked with 〒 are post offices. Inside are several windows, not only for the usual postal services, but also for savings accounts, money transfers, and other banking services. The window marked with はがき・切手 is where stamps, postcards, and aerogrammes can be bought. Stamps are also sold at any shop marked with 〒. For people who are unsure of the stamp value needed for their mail, lists of postal rates are available at post offices. City post boxes have two letter drops, with mailing instructions written below them.

  1 Introductory Quiz

  Look at the illustrations and the photos below and refer to the words in Vocabulary. Then try the following quiz.

  Refer to the lists of postal rates on page 125 and select the appropriate stamps for each of these 5 pieces of mail. One of the pieces needs two stamps, the express delivery rate plus the standard-sized letter rate. None of the letters exceeds 25g. Write the letter of the proper stamp in the spaces provided below.

  1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _______
______

  国内むけ

  外国むけ

  Postal Rates

  郵便料金表

  日本の切手

  2 Vocabulary

  Study the readings and meanings of these words to help you understand the Introductory Quiz.

  1. 郵便局 ゆうびんきょく yūbin kyoku post office

  2. はがき hagaki postcard

  3. きって kitte postage stamp

  4. 外国 がい こく gaikoku overseas/foreign country

  5. 航空(便) こうくう(びん) kōkū bin airmail

  6. 国際 こくさい kokusai international

  7. つうじよう tsūjō ordinary

  8. ゆうびんりょうきん yūbin ryōkin postal rate

  9. アジア Ajia Asia

  10. その他 そのた sono ta the others, et cetera

  11. ほくベい Hokubei North America

  12. アフリカ Afurika Africa

  13. しよじよう/てがみ shojō/tegami letter

  14. ていけい teikei standard size (envelope)

  15. そく たつ sokutatsu express mail

  16. 〜様 〜さま ~sama Mr. ~, Ms. ~, Miss ~, Mrs. ~

  3 New Characters

  Thirteen characters are introduced in this lesson. Use the explanations to help you understand and remember the characters. Study the compound words to increase your vocabulary.

  郵 便 局 切 外 国 際 航 空 常 料 他 様

  150 郵

  yū

  ユウ

  mail

  垂 depicts a plant with leaves hanging vertically; vertical also refers to vertical cliffs far away. With the addition of village, 郵 formerly meant outposts for the relay of messages, and eventually came to mean mail.

  郵便 ゆうびん yūbin mail service

  郵便番号 ゆうびんばんごう yūbin bangō postal/ZIP code

  ________

  ゆうそうりょう yūsō ryō postage

  郵便物 ゆうびんぶつ yūbin butsu mail

  151 便

  tayo-ri, ben, bin

  たよ・り、ベン、ビン

  convenience; mail

  更 depicts various things put together in one 一 place by hand 乂. This makes them convenient for men イ to use. In the past, mail was the most convenient means of communication between people living far from each other.

  便り たより tayori letter, news

  郵便 ゆうびん yūbin mail service

  定期便 ていきびん teiki bin regular service flight/mail

  ______

  べんりな benri na convenient

  学内便 がくないびん gakunai bin campus mail

  ふなびん funa bin surface/sea mail

  たっきゅうびん takkyū bin rapid door-to-door delivery

  152 局

  kyoku

  キョク

  bureau, office

  局 combines enclose with two bent lines (as shown below), and 口 limited or divided space. Offices are enclosed spaces that are divided into sections.

  郵便局 ゆうびんきょく yūbin kyoku post office

  電話局 でんわきよく denwa kyoku telephone office

  局番 きょくばん kyokuban district telephone number

  ______

  テレビ局 テレビきよく terebi kyoku television station

  153 切

  ki-ru, (ki’), (gi’), setsu

  き・る、(きっ) 、(ぎっ) 、セツ

  cut

  切, which combines 七 branch being cut, and 刀 sword (cf. 25 分), means cut.

  切る きる kiru to cut

  切手 きって kitte postage stamp

  小切手 こぎって kogitte check

  大切な たいせつな taisetsu na important, valuable

  ______

  しめきり shimekiri deadline

  きっぷ kippu ticket

  しんせつな shinsetsu na kind

  154 外

  soto, gai, ge

  そと、ガイ、ゲ

  outside, other

  外 combines 夕 evening (cf. 66 名) and 卜, which depicts a stick used by fortunetellers. In ancient China, fortunetellers worked outside in the evening.

  外 そど soto outside

  外出する がいしゆつ gaisnutsu to go out

  する suru

  時間外 じかんがい jikan gai before or after office/working hours; overtime

  外科 げか geka surgical unit, surgery

  ______

  そどがわ sotogawa outside

  外来 がいらい gairai coming from outside; for an outpatient

  かいがい kaigai overseas

  内外 ないがい naigai inside and outside

  155 国

  kuni, koku, (goku), (ko’)

  くに、コク、(ゴク)、(コッ)

  country, nation

  王 represents a man standing between heaven and earth with hands and legs spread wide, indicating a king. 丶 suggests treasure. A king and his treasures enclosed by borders 囗 represents country.

  国 くに kuni country, nation

  外国 がいこく gaikoku foreign country

  外国人 がいこくじん gaikoku jin foreigner

  中国 ちゅうごく Chūgoku China

  ______

  四国 しこく Shikoku Shikoku (island, district)

  こくせき kokuseki nationality

  国内 こくない kokunai domestic, within the country

  国会 こっかい kokkai the Diet

  156 際

  sai

  サイ

  inter-; occasion

  際 combines , which as a left part of kanji means piled stones or hill, and 祭 festival (cf. 36). Festivals held on hills used to be important occasions during which people intermingled.

  国際 こくさい kokusai international

  国際線 こくさい せん kokusai sen international flight/route

  国際電話 こくさい でんわ kokusai denwa international phone call

  ______

  こくさい こうりゅう kokusai kōryū international exchange

  この際 このさい kono sai on this occasion

  157 航

  kō

  コウ

  navigation, sailing

  舟 derives from a pictograph of a boat, and 亢 represents a neck held up straight. Thus 航 means sailing straight forward.

  日航 にっこう Nikkō abbreviation for (Japan Air Lines)

  ______

  こうかいする kōkai suru to navigate, to sail, to voyage

  158 空

  sora, kara, a-ku, kū

  そら、から、あ・く、クウ

  sky; empty, vacant

  穴 or which combines 宀 house and 八 divide (cf. 8), formerly meant pit or cave dwelling, and now means hole in general. 工 indicates straight (cf. 47 攻). The sky can be thought of as a large hole where one can go straight up and find nothing but emptiness.

  空 そら sora sky

  空手 からて karate karate

  航空便 こうくう びん kōkū bin airmail

  空車 くうしゃ kūsha vacant taxi

  ______

  空オケ からオケ karaoke karaoke (literally “empty orchestra”) (commonly writtenカラオケ)

  空きカン あきカン aki kan empty can

  成田空港 なりた くうこう Narita kūkō Narita Airport

  空席 くうせき kūseki vacant/unoccupied seat

  159 常

  jō

  ジョウ

  always, normal, usual

  常 combines 尚 long wisps of smoke coming out of a stove, and 巾 cloth (cf. 146 帳). Long cloth eventually came to mean long time, and now 常 means always or normal.

  通常 つうじょう tsūjō usually, normally, in general

  平常通り へいじょう どおり neijō dōri as usual

  正常な せいじ�
�うな seijō na normal

  ______

  日常会話 にちじょう かいわ nichijō kaiwa daily conversation

  非常の際 ひじようのさい nijō no sai in case of emergency

  ひじよう かいだん nijō kaidan emergency stairs

  160 料

  ryō

  リョウ

  materials; fee, charge

  料, which combines 米 rice and 斗 measure (cf. 45 科), originally meant measuring grain. It has come to mean materials or charge, since vendors always measure their materials and charge accordingly.

  料金 りょぅきん ryōkin fee, charge, fare

  郵便料金 ゆうびん yūbin postal rate, postage

  りょぅきん rvōkin

  ______

  にほんりようり nihon ryōri Japanese dish/cuisine

  てすうりよう tesūryō commission, fee, charge

  そうりょう sōryō postage, delivery charge

  しりょう shiryō data, materials for study

  ちようみりよう chōmiryō seasoning

  161 他

  ta

  タ

  other, another

  他 combines 也 snake (cf. 82 地) and イ people. In ancient times, people were often as afraid of others as they were of snakes. Thus 他 came to mean other or another.

  その他 そのた sonota the others, et cetera

  ______

  他人 たにん tanin unrelated person, other people

  162 様

  sama, yō

  さま、ヨウ

  appearance; way, manner; Mr., Ms., Miss, Mrs.

  様 combines 羊 sheep’s head (cf. 130 着), 水 water, and 木 tree. In ancient times, the appearance of a sheep drinking water near a tree was a common and delightful scene. Thus 様 came to mean appearance or way.